Flooding Risks in WNC: A Look Ahead to the Next Decade

WNC -- September 17, 2024: Flooding is a significant concern for many regions across the United States, and Western

North Carolina (WNC) is no exception. 

This area, known for its breathtaking landscapes, charming small towns, and thriving cities like Asheville and Waynesville, faces unique flooding risks due to its topography, climate, and rapid development. Over the next decade, several factors are expected to influence the flood risks in this region, making it imperative for residents, businesses, and local governments to prepare for the potential impacts.

Key Factors Contributing to Flood Risks in WNC

Topography and Hydrology: Western North Carolina is characterized by its mountainous terrain, which creates a natural predisposition to flash flooding. The steep slopes cause water to flow rapidly into valleys and low-lying areas, making these regions especially susceptible to flooding. Rivers like the French Broad, Pigeon, and Swannanoa play critical roles in the area's hydrology, and heavy rainfall events can quickly lead to riverine flooding.

Changing Climate Patterns: According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the southeastern United States, including WNC, is experiencing an increase in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events due to climate change. The North Carolina Climate Science Report indicates that, over the next decade, WNC is likely to see more intense storms, leading to a higher risk of flooding. Warmer temperatures are also contributing to more moisture in the atmosphere, which can result in heavier downpours.

Urban Development and Growth: Cities like Asheville and Waynesville have experienced significant growth over the past decade, and this trend is expected to continue. The development of residential, commercial, and infrastructure projects often involves the paving over of natural landscapes, reducing the ground's ability to absorb water. This urbanization increases the volume and speed of runoff during heavy rains, leading to greater risks of flash flooding.

Asheville, for example, has seen substantial growth in population and tourism, with new developments springing up to accommodate this increase. Waynesville, too, has been expanding, with more residential and commercial buildings. This growth, while beneficial for the economy, poses challenges for flood management. Local governments need to balance growth with sustainable planning practices, such as green infrastructure, to mitigate the increased flood

risk.

Vulnerable Areas and Communities

Several towns and cities in WNC are particularly vulnerable to flooding:

Asheville: As one of the largest and fastest-growing cities in the region, Asheville is at risk for both flash and riverine flooding, particularly in the River Arts District and Biltmore Village areas. The Swannanoa River, which flows through Asheville, has a history of flooding, as seen in 2004 during Hurricane Frances and Ivan, causing widespread damage.

Waynesville: Located in Haywood County, Waynesville is positioned near the Pigeon River, making it susceptible to flooding. The town’s growth, combined with its location in a valley, makes it particularly vulnerable to flash floods. Flooding events in recent years have underscored the need for improved infrastructure and planning to handle stormwater runoff.

Brevard and Hendersonville: Both of these communities have experienced rapid growth and are located near rivers (the French Broad in particular) that are prone to flooding. As more people move to these picturesque towns, the risk of damage from flooding will continue to rise unless adequate planning and mitigation strategies are implemented.

Maggie Valley and Cherokee: Smaller mountain towns like Maggie Valley and the Cherokee area are also vulnerable to flooding, especially flash floods that occur in the wake of heavy downpours. These towns often rely on tourism, and flooding can disrupt local economies significantly.

Projected Flooding Risks Over the Next Decade

Based on current climate models and growth projections, several trends are expected to shape flooding risks in Western North Carolina over the next ten years:

Increased Frequency of Flash Floods: Due to more intense and frequent rainfall events, flash flooding is expected to become more common. This type of flooding occurs with little warning, presenting significant challenges for emergency preparedness and response.

Higher River Flooding Potential: The region’s rivers, particularly the French Broad, Swannanoa, and Pigeon, are likely to experience more frequent and severe flood events.

Continued development in floodplains and along riverbanks will exacerbate these risks.
Urban Flooding Concerns: As urban areas in WNC continue to expand, the challenge of managing stormwater runoff will grow. Cities like Asheville and Waynesville will need to invest in green infrastructure solutions, such as permeable pavements, green roofs, and improved stormwater management systems, to mitigate these risks.

Mitigation Strategies and Adaptation Measures

Local governments, businesses, and residents can take several steps to reduce flood risks in Western North Carolina:

Implementing Green Infrastructure: Encouraging the use of permeable surfaces, rain gardens, and green roofs can help absorb stormwater and reduce runoff. Cities like Asheville have already begun to explore these solutions, but more widespread adoption is needed.

Updating Floodplain Maps and Zoning Laws: Floodplain maps should be updated regularly to reflect the most current data on flood risks. Zoning laws should discourage development in high-risk areas and promote resilient building practices.

Improving Emergency Preparedness: Communities should invest in early warning systems and community outreach to ensure that residents and businesses are prepared for flood events. This includes developing clear evacuation routes and emergency response plans.

Enhancing Stormwater Management: Upgrading and maintaining stormwater management systems, such as culverts and drainage basins, can reduce the risk of urban flooding. Local governments should prioritize these improvements in areas with high flood potential.

Flooding risks in Western North Carolina are projected to increase over the next decade due to a combination of climate change, topographical challenges, and urban growth. However, by adopting proactive measures and investing in sustainable infrastructure, communities in Asheville, Waynesville, and other towns can mitigate these risks and protect their residents, businesses, and natural environment. Preparing now is crucial to ensuring the resilience of WNC in the face of an uncertain climatic future.

WNCTimes

Image: WNCTimes