Development vs. Wildlife: Finding Balance in WNC

WNC -- August 30, 2024: Yesterday, in Swannanoa, North Carolina, several bears were euthanized by wildlife officials following multiple break-ins into local homes.

This tragic event highlights a broader issue in Western North Carolina: the increasing overlap between human development and wildlife habitats. As the region continues to experience significant growth, concerns arise about the impact of this expansion on local ecosystems, particularly for species like black bears that are native to the area.

Growth in Western North Carolina: A Double-Edged Sword

Western North Carolina, encompassing areas such as Swannanoa, Asheville, and neighboring towns, has seen substantial population growth over the past decade. Buncombe County, where Swannanoa is located, experienced nearly a 10% increase in population between 2010 and 2020, according to U.S. Census data. This influx of residents has spurred a rapid rise in residential development.

The French Broad River Metropolitan Planning Organization reports that new home construction in the Asheville metropolitan area has expanded rapidly, often encroaching into traditionally undeveloped or rural regions that were once vital wildlife habitats. The growing demand for housing has put pressure on the natural landscapes, forcing wildlife and humans into closer proximity.

Impact on Bear Habitats

The expansion of housing developments, roads, and driveways is frequently undertaken in areas that were previously forested, leading to significant habitat loss and fragmentation for local wildlife. According to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, such fragmentation disrupts bear territories, increasing the likelihood of bears venturing into residential areas in search of food or shelter.

In 2023, there were over 1,500 reported bear-human interactions in Western North Carolina, a 20% increase from the previous year. These incidents often occur in communities close to the Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests, where expanding human developments increasingly overlap with bears' natural habitats. As bears lose their habitats, they are forced to seek resources in areas they typically avoid, raising concerns about the safety of both the wildlife and the residents.

Are Homes Being Overbuilt?

The rapid pace of development in Western North Carolina has prompted concerns about potential overbuilding. Local advocacy groups, such as the Southern Environmental Law Center, warn that poorly planned developments can contribute to environmental degradation, increased risk of landslides, and strain on local infrastructure.

The region's steep, mountainous terrain poses significant challenges for safe construction. The construction of roads and driveways on steep inclines can heighten the risk of landslides, especially after heavy rainfall. For example, a 2019 landslide in Haywood County caused damage to several homes, underscoring the need for careful planning and adherence to safety guidelines. While there is a growing push for sustainable and eco-friendly development practices, enforcement and compliance with these guidelines vary widely across counties, raising concerns about the safety and environmental impact of new construction.

The Call for Sustainable Building Practices

There is a growing push for sustainable and eco-friendly development practices to mitigate the impact of new developments on wildlife and local ecosystems. Best practices in construction, such as erosion control measures, proper grading, and slope stabilization techniques, are essential to reducing the risk of landslides and other environmental issues. However, not all developers adhere strictly to these guidelines, increasing risks for both human inhabitants and local wildlife.

The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has been actively addressing road safety concerns with ongoing stabilization projects. Yet, incidents like the 2019 landslide in Haywood County demonstrate the need for even greater attention to safe construction practices in the region's challenging terrain. It is critical to balance growth with sustainable practices that minimize environmental impact while ensuring the safety of both people and wildlife.

Charting a Sustainable Future for Western North Carolina

The euthanization of bears in Swannanoa serves as a stark reminder of the delicate balance needed between development and wildlife conservation. As Western North Carolina continues to grow, adopting proactive measures to protect local ecosystems while supporting sustainable economic development is essential. Balancing growth with environmental preservation will be key to maintaining the region's unique natural beauty and ensuring a safe and harmonious coexistence for all its inhabitants.

Implementing best practices for construction, zoning, and public awareness, and learning from other regions that have faced similar challenges, such as Florida, will help Western North Carolina create a future where both people and wildlife thrive. The choices made today will determine the quality of life for current residents and future generations, as well as the survival of the region's diverse wildlife.

WNCTimes